Which risk is not considered in the product risk equation?

In the product risk equation, market risk is not typically included because it encompasses external factors beyond the control of the product itself. Market risk refers to vulnerabilities related to changes in the market environment, such as shifts in consumer preferences, economic conditions, and competitive pressures. These factors can affect product performance and sales but do not inherently reflect the specific risks associated with the product's design, performance, or service provision.

On the other hand, sales risk, service risk, and product complexity are directly associated with the product itself. Sales risk relates to the likelihood of achieving desired sales levels, service risk addresses the potential issues in delivering promised services related to the product, and product complexity considers how intricate the product is in terms of use, manufacturing, and maintenance. These elements are intrinsic to the product's performance and operational capabilities, making them essential components of the product risk equation, while market risk accounts for broader, external influences that affect product outcomes.